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Gaye, Marvin
Marvin Gaye spent the first few years after singing partner Tammi Terrell's death withdrawn and depressed. To the ultimate frustration of Motown head Berry Gordy, he had no desire to record or tour, and instead he attempted to pursue the rather absurd ambition of becoming a professional football player. Believe this or not, he trained for the Detroit Lions and increased his girth by nearly fifty pounds in the process. When this pipe dream followed its inevitable conclusion, Gaye returned to recording and began work on a song written by Al Cleveland and the Four Tops' Obie (Renaldo) Benson. Gaye invited some friends, including two of his buddies from the Lions, Lem Barney and Mel Farmer, into the studio to record "What's Going On".
The record opens in the midst of a party, but the despair and ambiguity of "What's Going On" becomes obvious the second the music starts. The inanity of the party atmosphere, which carries through the recording, contradicts Gaye’s intense, humorless performance. The result is a singer who sounds utterly alienated by his surroundings and desperately needs a link to the rest of the world. He sees no more sense in the mindless babbling of the party revelers than he does in the tragedies of life. With Gaye handling his own production, this vision is presented unhampered by any outsider’s distractions. When he sings, he seems so deep in thought that verbalization is incidental. Could this possibly be the same man who just three years earlier sang uplifting songs with Tammi Terrell?
Motown completely missed the point and deemed the recording unfit for commercial release. To be fair, "What's Going On" featured a performance and production that were so idiosyncratic they seemed destined to fail. Judging from the nearly ridiculous noncommerciality of some of Gaye's past projects, it wasn't hard to sympathize with the label's point of view, but times had definitely changed. Gaye was insulted by Motown’s pedantic attitude and issued an ultimatum: if they wouldn't release "What's Going On", he would no longer record for the label. Reluctantly, the single was issued and reached #2 on the pop charts in the process. The American public immediately sensed the relevance of "What's Going On". The heady optimism of the 60's was dead. Ambiguity and confusion were its byproducts, and "What's Going On" indirectly captured the spirit of a nation wounded by political divisiveness. Gaye, because of his honest pursuit of art, became a seer.
What’s Goin’ On was the name of the album that linked Gaye’s triptych of hits (“What’s Going On,” “Mercy Mercy Me,” and “Inner City Blues”). Throughout the album, Gaye redubs his vocals layer upon layer, in effect creating an atmosphere of spirituality. He was supposedly attempting to overcome an inferiority complex concerning the power of his tenor, but in the process he invented vocal multitracking. To be sure, for years artists had been recording their vocal parts in layers using a process known as doubling. The point of doubling was to duplicate the base vocal as closely as possible, to give the impression of one voice with the presence of more than one. Gaye was unconcerned with following the lead vocal. He would harmonize, ad-lib, or echo a phrase as he pleased. The effect was a chorus of scattered Marvin Gayes, each one apparently rendering a different subconscious thought. By escaping the lineal vocal line concept, he expressed a depth of emotion that was beyond the reach of straight singing. He could answer or question his own phrasing, and this helped make the album a tour de force in expressiveness for popular music.
 
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